Leadership is an interaction across four key dimensions:

a. Values

• Leadership is driven by the alignment of values between leader and followers.

• Shared values guide choices and help define what outcomes matter.

b. Context

• The environment, task, structure, history, and culture set the conditions under which leadership must function.

• Effective leadership adapts to this.

c. Authority

• You must distinguish between positional authority and earned authority.

• Leadership is not about holding a position but about being granted influence—formally or informally—by others.

d. Activity

• Leadership is expressed in what one does—through engagement, communication, modelling, and enabling action.

• It is an active, not passive, force.